Motorcycle brands around the world chose to equip their bikes with EFI a while ago. Indian bike brands, on the other hand, chose to stick with the traditional carburettor technology. Sure, some bike brands equipped their bikes with electronic carburettors back in the day. But, the overall performance of a traditional carburettor and e-carburettor will never even come close to an EFI.
However, this changed when the BS-6 emission norms were enforced in India. To make sure that their bikes are complying with BS6-emission norms, bikes in India are now equipped with EFIs (electronic fuel injection systems).
An EFI is an electronic device that optimizes fuel usage in a bid to reduce air pollution causing particle presence in the exhaust fumes of an engine.
Every internal combustion engine works using the following steps.
An internal combustion engine is basically a pump. It sucks in the air from the atmosphere. This is known as the intake stroke. The sucked-in air is then compressed. This is known as the compression stroke. During this stroke, fuel is injected into the compressed air. A spark plug ignites the fuel-air mixture. The energy from the controlled explosion of the fuel + air mixture inside the cylinder then pushes the piston. This is known as the power stroke. The piston then moves the crankshaft which then transfers the energy to the driving wheel through the transmission system. As the piston moved back to its compressing position, the exhaust valve is opened. The exhaust valve removes the exhaust fumes from the cylinder. This is known as the exhaust stroke.
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Carburetted engines are inefficient. Hence, it is natural for them to emit fumes that have fuel particles and other pollutants in them in large quantities. This was accepted in India as long as BS6 norms were still a regulation on paper. When the BS6 norm became a reality, bike brands had to equip all their bikes with fuel injection systems.
A carburettor is an entirely mechanical device. A fuel injection system on the other hand is a complicated electronic device that uses advanced electronics to function.
The working principle of an electronic fuel injection system is simple. The system is designed to regulate the fuel flow to the combustion chamber of an engine. Hence, the system has to rely heavily on a high-pressure fuel pump. The amount of fuel that the pump moves from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber is then decided by the ECU. The ECU (Electronic Control Unit) is a miniature computer that keeps tabs on multiple parameters of a vehicle.
The parameters are mentioned below.
The ECU then crunches the raw data consisting of the above parameters. After that, the ECU calculates the amount of fuel the engine needs at any given point. Then the ECU instructs the fuel injectors of the EFI to inject the required amount of fuel. The EFI obliges and injects the required amount of fuel through its fuel spraying nozzles. The fuel spraying nozzles are connected to the combustion chamber of the engine.
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The electronic injection system is a boon for the motorcycle sector of India. By equipping their motorcycles with EFI, bike brands in India have helped spark enthusiasm for motorcycles here once again. Furthermore, every Indian motorcycle now offers impressive performance despite the displacement of its engines. This is yet another contribution of the EFI. If the reader of this post has more technical queries then it is best to seek help from a professional automobile engineer.
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